randomness

The Texas sharpshooter fallacy is an informal fallacy which is committed when differences in data are ignored, but similarities are overemphasized. From this reasoning, a false conclusion is inferred.

Apophenia is the tendency to perceive meaningful connections between unrelated things.

The clustering illusion is the tendency to erroneously consider the inevitable 'streaks' or 'clusters' arising in small samples from random distributions to be non-random.

Overestimating our influence over outcomes.

The hot-hand fallacy is the belief that a person who has experienced a streak of success is more likely to continue succeeding, even when outcomes are independent and random.

The gambler’s fallacy is the mistaken belief that past random events make future independent events more likely to be the opposite, such as expecting a tail after many consecutive heads.