uncertainty

Ambiguity aversion is the tendency to prefer known risks over unknown or poorly defined risks, even when the expected outcomes are similar.

Information bias is the tendency to seek or value information that does not meaningfully improve decisions, simply because more information feels better.

The ludic fallacy is the misuse of games to model real-life situations.

The ambiguity effect is a cognitive bias where decision makers avoid options that are considered to be ambiguous or to have missing information.