Suggestibility

Also known as: Memory Suggestibility

The tendency to incorporate information provided by others into our own memory, even if that information is misleading or false.

Memory Biases

5 min read

experimental Evidence


Suggestibility: The Malleability of Memory

Suggestibility is the tendency to incorporate information provided by others into our own memory, even if that information is misleading or false.

The Psychology Behind It

Memory is reconstructive, not reproductive. When we recall an event, we rebuild it from fragments. During this process, we're vulnerable to incorporating new information from external sources, especially if it comes from authority figures or is repeated.

Real-World Examples

1. Eyewitness Testimony

Police asking "Did you see the gun?" can make witnesses "remember" a gun that wasn't there.

2. Therapy

Suggestive questioning can create false memories of childhood trauma.

3. Marketing

Repeated advertising can make you "remember" positive experiences with a product you've never used.

Consequences

  • False Accusations: Innocent people convicted based on suggested memories
  • Distorted History: Personal and collective memories altered by suggestion
  • Manipulation: Vulnerable to propaganda and persuasion

How to Mitigate It

  1. Record Immediately: Write down memories before discussing them
  2. Avoid Leading Questions: Use open-ended questions
  3. Be Skeptical of Certainty: Confidence doesn't equal accuracy

Conclusion

Suggestibility shows that our memories are collaborative creations, not solo recordings. Be careful who you let edit your past.


Related Biases

Explore these related cognitive biases to deepen your understanding

Von Restorff Effect

9 min read

The Von Restorff effect is the tendency to remember items that stand out from their surroundings more than items that blend in.

Memory Biases / Attention and encoding

/ Isolation Effect

Positivity Effect

9 min read

The positivity effect is the tendency, especially in older adults, to remember and focus more on positive than negative information.

Memory Biases / Aging and emotion

/ Aging positivity bias

Google Effect

9 min read

The Google effect is the tendency to forget information that we know can be easily looked up online, while remembering how to access it.

Memory Biases / Transactive and digital memory

/ Digital Amnesia

Nostalgia Bias

2 min read

Nostalgia bias is the tendency to view the past, especially one's own past, with longing and affection, often idealizing it while ignoring negative aspects.

Memory Biases

/ Golden age syndrome

Rosy Retrospection

2 min read

Rosy retrospection is the psychological phenomenon of people sometimes judging the past disproportionately more positively than they judge the present.

Memory Biases

/ Nostalgia (related)

Telescoping Effect

2 min read

The telescoping effect is a temporal displacement of an event whereby people perceive recent events as being more remote than they are and distant events as being more recent than they are.

Memory Biases

/ Time compression