Tag

memory

Explore 16 cognitive biases related to this topic.

Von Restorff Effect

9 min read

The Von Restorff effect is the tendency to remember items that stand out from their surroundings more than items that blend in.

Memory Biases / Attention and encoding

/ Isolation Effect

Positivity Effect

9 min read

The positivity effect is the tendency, especially in older adults, to remember and focus more on positive than negative information.

Memory Biases / Aging and emotion

/ Aging positivity bias

Google Effect

9 min read

The Google effect is the tendency to forget information that we know can be easily looked up online, while remembering how to access it.

Memory Biases / Transactive and digital memory

/ Digital Amnesia

Egocentric Bias

2 min read

Egocentric bias is the tendency to rely too heavily on one's own perspective and/or have a higher opinion of oneself than reality.

Social Biases

/ Self-centered bias

Nostalgia Bias

2 min read

Nostalgia bias is the tendency to view the past, especially one's own past, with longing and affection, often idealizing it while ignoring negative aspects.

Memory Biases

/ Golden age syndrome

Rosy Retrospection

2 min read

Rosy retrospection is the psychological phenomenon of people sometimes judging the past disproportionately more positively than they judge the present.

Memory Biases

/ Nostalgia (related)

Telescoping Effect

2 min read

The telescoping effect is a temporal displacement of an event whereby people perceive recent events as being more remote than they are and distant events as being more recent than they are.

Memory Biases

/ Time compression

Consistency Bias

5 min read

Remembering our past beliefs as more similar to current ones.

Memory Biases

Suggestibility

5 min read

Incorporating misleading information into memory.

Memory Biases

/ Memory Suggestibility

False Memory

12 min read

False memory refers to the phenomenon of confidently recalling events that did not happen or remembering them differently from how they occurred.

Memory Biases / Memory distortion

/ Memory Illusion

Cryptomnesia

11 min read

Cryptomnesia is the phenomenon of mistakenly believing that a remembered idea is original, forgetting that it came from someone else.

Memory Biases / Source misattribution

/ Unconscious Plagiarism

Source Confusion

11 min read

Source confusion is the tendency to remember information while misattributing where it came from, blending memories of different sources or contexts.

Memory Biases / Source monitoring errors

/ Source Misattribution

Misinformation Effect

12 min read

The misinformation effect occurs when a person’s memory of an event is altered by post-event information, such as leading questions or misleading details.

Memory Biases / Post-event memory distortion

/ Post-Event Information Effect

Choice-Supportive Bias

10 min read

Choice-supportive bias is the tendency to remember our past choices as better than they were and to exaggerate the positives of chosen options while downplaying their negatives.

Memory Biases / Post-decision evaluation

/ Post-Choice Rationalization

Hindsight Bias

11 min read

Hindsight bias is the tendency to see past events as having been more predictable than they actually were, believing "I knew it all along" after the outcome is known.

Memory Biases / Outcome and memory distortion

/ "I-Knew-It-All-Along" Effect

Availability Heuristic

12 min read

The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events with greater 'availability' in memory, which can be influenced by how recent, unusual, or emotionally charged the memories are.

Cognitive Biases

/ Availability Bias