Tag
Explore 6 cognitive biases related to this topic.
10 min read
The placebo effect is the phenomenon where a person's symptoms improve after receiving an inert treatment, driven by expectations, meaning, and context rather than active ingredients.
Cognitive Biases / Expectancy and perception
/ Placebo response
10 min read
The golem effect is when low expectations placed on a person lead to poorer performance, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Social Biases / Expectations and performance
/ Negative Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
10 min read
The Pygmalion effect is the tendency for people to perform better when higher expectations are placed on them, turning others’ beliefs into self-fulfilling prophecies.
Social Biases / Expectation effects
/ Rosenthal effect
2 min read
The observer-expectancy effect (also called the experimenter-expectancy effect, observer bias, observer effect, or experimenter effect) is a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence the participants of an experiment.
Social Biases
/ Experimenter bias
10 min read
Pessimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes and underestimate the likelihood of positive ones, especially for oneself.
Cognitive Biases / Risk and expectation
/ Negative Expectation Bias
11 min read
Optimism bias is the tendency to underestimate the likelihood of negative events and overestimate the likelihood of positive ones, especially for ourselves.
Cognitive Biases / Risk and expectation
/ Unrealistic Optimism