decision-making

The ambiguity effect is a cognitive bias where decision makers avoid options that are considered to be ambiguous or to have missing information.

Neglect of probability is the tendency to completely disregard probability when making a decision under uncertainty.

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) is the anxious feeling that others are having rewarding experiences without you, driving constant checking and overcommitment.

Automation bias is the tendency to over-trust computer systems and automated recommendations, discounting or overlooking contradictory human judgment or real‑world evidence.

The affect heuristic is a mental shortcut where people make decisions and solve problems by relying heavily on their current emotional state.

The representativeness heuristic is the tendency to judge the probability of an event by how much it resembles a typical case, often ignoring base rates and statistical logic.

Congruence bias is the tendency to test only one favored hypothesis and to ignore or underexplore alternative explanations.

Ambiguity aversion is the tendency to prefer known risks over unknown or poorly defined risks, even when the expected outcomes are similar.

Commitment bias is the tendency to stick with past decisions or stated positions, even when they are no longer optimal, in order to appear consistent.

Irrational escalation is the tendency to continue investing in a failing course of action because of past investments, even when changing direction would yield better outcomes.

Distinction bias is the tendency to overemphasize small differences between options when comparing them side by side, even though those differences matter little in isolation.

The bandwagon effect is the tendency to adopt beliefs or behaviors because many other people seem to hold them, increasing their perceived correctness or desirability.

Authority bias is the tendency to give greater weight and compliance to the opinions or requests of perceived authorities, sometimes at the expense of evidence or ethics.

Zero-risk bias is the tendency to prefer options that completely eliminate a small risk over options that achieve larger overall risk reductions but leave some risk remaining.

Overemphasizing one aspect while ignoring others.

Assuming our future preferences will match our current ones.

The sunk cost fallacy is the tendency to continue a course of action because of past investments of time, money, or effort, even when changing course would lead to a better outcome.

Status quo bias is the tendency to prefer the current state of affairs and avoid change, even when alternatives are objectively better.

The framing effect is a cognitive bias where people decide on options based on whether the options are presented with positive or negative connotations; e.g. as a loss or as a gain.

The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of events with greater 'availability' in memory, which can be influenced by how recent, unusual, or emotionally charged the memories are.

The tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered (the 'anchor') when making decisions, even when that information is irrelevant or arbitrary.

The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information that confirms pre-existing beliefs while giving disproportionately less consideration to alternative possibilities.