decision-making

Assuming our future preferences will match our current ones.

Overemphasizing one aspect while ignoring others.

Zero-risk bias is the tendency to prefer options that completely eliminate a small risk over options that achieve larger overall risk reductions but leave some risk remaining.

Authority bias is the tendency to give greater weight and compliance to the opinions or requests of perceived authorities, sometimes at the expense of evidence or ethics.

The bandwagon effect is the tendency to adopt beliefs or behaviors because many other people seem to hold them, increasing their perceived correctness or desirability.

Distinction bias is the tendency to overemphasize small differences between options when comparing them side by side, even though those differences matter little in isolation.

Irrational escalation is the tendency to continue investing in a failing course of action because of past investments, even when changing direction would yield better outcomes.

Commitment bias is the tendency to stick with past decisions or stated positions, even when they are no longer optimal, in order to appear consistent.

Ambiguity aversion is the tendency to prefer known risks over unknown or poorly defined risks, even when the expected outcomes are similar.

Congruence bias is the tendency to test only one favored hypothesis and to ignore or underexplore alternative explanations.

The representativeness heuristic is the tendency to judge the probability of an event by how much it resembles a typical case, often ignoring base rates and statistical logic.

The affect heuristic is a mental shortcut where people make decisions and solve problems by relying heavily on their current emotional state.

Automation bias is the tendency to over-trust computer systems and automated recommendations, discounting or overlooking contradictory human judgment or real‑world evidence.

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) is the anxious feeling that others are having rewarding experiences without you, driving constant checking and overcommitment.

Neglect of probability is the tendency to completely disregard probability when making a decision under uncertainty.

The ambiguity effect is a cognitive bias where decision makers avoid options that are considered to be ambiguous or to have missing information.

We tend to favor information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore evidence that contradicts them.